Kitap 1
1.1
Rhetoric is a counterpartNot an exact copy, but making a kind of pair with it, and corresponding to it as the antistrophe to the strophe in a choral ode. of Dialectic; for both have to do with matters that are in a manner within the cognizance of all men and not confinedOr and they (Rhetoric and Dialectic) are not confined. to any special science. Hence all men in a manner have a share of both; for all, up to a certain point, endeavor to criticize or uphold an argument, to defend themselves or to accuse.
1.2
Now, the majority of people do this either at random or with a familiarity arising from habit. But since both these ways are possible, it is clear that matters can be reduced to a system, for it is possible to examine the reason why some attain their end by familiarity and others by chance; and such an examination all would at once admit to be the function of an art.The special characteristic of an art is the discovery of a system or method, as distinguished from mere knack ( ἐμπειρία).
1.3
Now, previous compilers of ArtsManuals or handbooks treating of the rules of any art or science. of Rhetoric have provided us with only a small portion of this art, for proofs are the only things in it that come within the province of art; everything else is merely an accessory. And yet they say nothing about enthymemes which are the body of proof, but chiefly devote their attention to matters outside the subject;
