Kitap 3
2.7
(In regard to nouns, homonyms are most useful to the sophist, for it is by their aid that he employs captious arguments, and synonyms to the poet. Instances of words that are both proper and synonymous are going and walking: for these two words are proper and have the same meaning.)This is a parenthetical note.
2.7
It has already been stated, as we have said, in the Poetics,Aristot. Poet. 21, 22. what each of these thingsThe different kinds of words. is, how many kinds of metaphor there are, and that it is most important both in poetry and in prose.
2.8
But the orator must devote the greater attention to them in prose, since the latter has fewer resources than verse. It is metaphor above all that gives perspicuity, pleasure, and a foreign air, and it cannot be learnt from anyone else;Aristot. Poet. 22.9: for this alone cannot be borrowed from another.
2.9
but we must make use of metaphors and epithets that are appropriate. This will be secured by observing due proportion; otherwise there will be a lack of propriety, because it is when placed in juxtaposition that contraries are most evident. We must consider, as a red cloak suits a young man, what suits an old one;
