Kitap 5
4
Things are called other in species (a) which belong to the same genus and are not subordinate one to the other; or (b) which are in the same genus and contain a differentia; or (c) which contain a contrariety in their essence.
5
(d) Contraries, too (either all of them or those which are called so in a primary sense), are other in species than one another; and (e) so are all things of which the formulae are different in the final species of the genus (e.g., man and horse are generically indivisible, but their formulae are different); and (f) attributes of the same substance which contain a difference. The same in species has the opposite meanings to these.
1
Prior and posterior mean: (1.) (a) In one sense (assuming that there is in each genus some primary thing or starting-point) that which is nearer to some starting-point, determined either absolutely and naturally, or relatively, or locally, or by some agency; e.g., things are prior in space because they are nearer either to some place naturally determined, such as the middle or the extreme, or to some chance relation; and that which is further is posterior.
