13
But, fellow citizens, in opposition to the statement of the case which I have just presented, they will urge a different argument; for they will say, forsooth, that whatever a man is called on to do under special enactment, this is not an office, but a sort of commission and public service and they will say that offices are those to which the Thesmothetae appoint men by lot in the Theseum, and those which are filled by popular election (the offices of general, cavalry commander, and associated offices); but that all others are employment under special enactment.
14
Well, to their arguments I will oppose your law, a law which you yourselves passed in the expectation of silencing such pretexts; for it expressly says the elective offices, including all in a single phrase, calling everything which is filled by popular election an office, and specifying the superintendents of public works. But Demosthenes is in charge of the construction of walls, superintendent of the greatest of the works; and all who have charge of any business of the state for more than thirty days, and all to whom is given the presidency of a court; but every superintendent of public works holds the presidency of a court.It was a principle of the Athenian legal system that litigation arising within the sphere of any executive department should come before a court presided over by the head of that department.