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142 But I have yet to touch upon the chief consideration of all—that upon which centers everything that I have said and in the light of which we should appraise the actions of the state. For if we really wish to clear away the prejudice in which we are held at the present time, we must cease from the wars which are waged to no purpose and so gain for our city the hegemony for all time; we must abhor all despotic rule and imperial power, reflecting upon the disasters which have sprung from them; and we must emulate and imitate the position held by the kings of Lacedaemon:

143 they, it is true, have less freedom than their private citizens to do wrong,The Spartan kings were powerful in the field, but otherwise were subject to the Ephors, who could even have them put to death. See Gilbert, Greek Consitituional Antiquities pp. 46 ff. and 57 ff. yet are much more enviable than those who hold despotic power by force; for those who take the lives of despots are given the highest rewards by their fellow citizens,He has in mind the honors shown by the Athenians to the “tyrannicides,” Harmodius and Aristogeiton. whereas those Spartans who are not ready to lay down their lives for their kings in battleSee Isoc. 5.80 and Isoc. Letter 2.6. are held in greater dishonor than men who desert their post and throw away their shields.The ῥιψασπις was not only despised but suffered humiliations and penalties. In Athens, which was less rigorous than Sparta, he lost his political rights.

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