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51 "But who it may be asked, will blame any severity that shall be decreed against these parricidesParricides] See c. 14, 32. of their country? I answer that time, the course of events,The course of events] Dies. "Id est, temporis momentum (der verän derte Zeitpunkt)."Dietsch. Things change, and that which is approved at one period, is blamed at another. Tempus and dies are sometimes joined (Liv., xxii. 39, ii. 45), as if not only time in general, but particular periods, as from day to day, were intended. and fortune, whose caprice governs nations, may blame it. Whatever shall fall on the traitors, will fall on them justly; but it is for you, Conscript Fathers, to consider well what you resolve to inflict on others. All precedents productive of evil effects,All precedents productive of evil effects] Omnia mala exempla. Examples of severe punishments are meant. have had their origin from what was good; but when a government passes into the hands of the ignorant or unprincipled, any new example of severity,Any new example of severity, etc.] Novum illud exemplum ab dignis et idoneis ad indignos et non idoneos transferetur. Gerlach, Kritzius, Dietsch, and Bernouf, agree to giving to this passage the sense which is given in the translation. Digni and idonei are here used in a bad sense, for digni et idonei qui pænâ afficiantur, deserving and fit objects for punishment. inflicted on deserving and suitable objects, is extended to those that are improper and undeserving of it. The Lacedæmonians, when they had conquered the Athenians,When they had conquered the Athenians] At the conclusion of the Peloponnesian war. appointed thirty men to govern their state. These thirty began their administration by putting to death, even without a trial, all who were notoriously wicked, or publicly detestable; acts at which the people rejoiced, and extolled their justice. But afterward, when their lawless power gradually increased, they proceeded, at their pleasure, to kill the good and the bad indiscriminately, and to strike terror into all; and thus the state, overpowered and enslaved, paid a heavy penalty for its imprudent exultation.

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