Kitap 9
So runs this tale. The second which contradicts with the first and relates that he wore no iron anchor attached to his cuirass, but that his shield, which he constantly whirled round and never held still, had on it an anchor as a device.
There is yet another glorious deed which Sophanes did; when the Athenians were besieging +Aegina [23.433,37.75] (inhabited place), Aegina, Attica, Central Greece and Euboea, Greece, Europe Aegina, he challenged and killed Eurybates the Argive, a victor in the Five Contests. Long after this, Sophanes met his death when he was general of the Athenians with Leagrus, son of Glaucon. He was killed at Datus In the attempt to establish an Athenian settlement at +Amphipolis [23.8583,40.825] (Perseus) Amphipolis in 465 (Thuc. 1.100, Thuc. 5.102). Datus was on the Thracian seaboard opposite +Thasos [24.716,40.783] (deserted settlement), Thasos, Kavalla, Macedonia, Greece, Europe Thasos. by the Edonians in a battle for the gold-mines.
Immediately after the Greeks had devastated the barbarians at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea, a woman, who was the concubine of Pharandates a Persian, son of Teaspis, deserting from the enemy, came to them. She, learning that the Persians were ruined and the Greeks victorious, decked herself (as did also her attendants) with many gold ornaments and the fairest clothing that she had, and alighting thus from her carriage came to the Lacedaemonians while they were still in the midst of slaughtering. When she saw Pausanias, whose name and country she had often heard of, directing everything, she knew that it was he, and supplicated him clasping his knees:
“Save me, your suppliant, O king of Sparta [22.4417,37.0667] (Perseus) Sparta, from captive slavery, for you have aided me till now, by making an end of those men who hold sacred nothing of the gods or of any divinities. Coan I am by birth, the daughter of Hegetorides, son of Antagoras; in Kos City [27.3,36.8917] (Perseus)Cos the Persian seized me by force and held me prisoner.”
“Take heart, lady,” Pausanias answered, “for you are my suppliant, and furthermore if you are really the daughter of Hegetorides of Kos City [27.3,36.8917] (Perseus)Cos, he is my closest friend of all who dwell in those lands.” For the present, he then entrusted her to those of the ephors who were present. Later he sent her to +Aegina [23.433,37.75] (inhabited place), Aegina, Attica, Central Greece and Euboea, Greece, Europe Aegina, where she herself desired to go.
Immediately after the arrival of this woman, the men of +Mantinea [22.3833,37.6167] (Perseus) Mantinea came when everything was already over. Upon learning that they had come too late for the battle, they were extremely upset and said that they ought to punish themselves for that.
When they heard that those Medes with Artabazus were fleeing, they would have pursued them as far as +Thessaly [22.25,39.5] (region), Greece, Europe Thessaly. The Lacedaemonians, however, would not permit them to pursue the fleeing men.
So when they returned to their own land, the Mantineans banished the leaders of their army from the country. After the Mantineans came the men of +Elis [21.4,37.8833] (Perseus) Elis, who also went away extremely upset, and after their departure, they too banished their leaders. Such were the doings of the Mantineans and Eleans.
There was at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea in the army of the Aeginetans one Lampon, son of Pytheas, a leading man of +Aegina [23.433,37.75] (inhabited place), Aegina, Attica, Central Greece and Euboea, Greece, Europe Aegina. He hastened to Pausanias with really outrageous counsel and coming upon him, said to him:
“son of Cleombrotus, you have done a deed of surpassing greatness and glory; the god has granted to you in saving Greece [22,39] (nation), EuropeHellas to have won greater renown than any Greek whom we know. But now you must finish what remains for the rest, so that your fame may be greater still and so that no barbarian will hereafter begin doing reckless deeds against the Greeks.
When Leonidas was killed at +Thermopylae [22.5583,38.8] (Perseus) Thermopylae, Mardonius and Xerxes cut off his head and set it on a pole; make them a like return, and you will win praise from all Spartans and the rest of Greece [22,39] (nation), EuropeHellas besides. For if you impale Mardonius, you will be avenged for your father's brother Leonidas.”
This is what Lampon, thinking to please, said. Pausanias, however, answered him as follows: “Aeginetan, I thank you for your goodwill and forethought, but you have missed the mark of right judgment. First you exalt me and my fatherland and my deeds, yet next you cast me down to mere nothingness when you advise me to insult the dead, and say that I shall win more praise if I do so. That would be an act more proper for barbarians than for Greeks and one that we consider worthy of censure even in barbarians.
No, as for myself, I would prefer to find no favor either with the people of +Aegina [23.433,37.75] (inhabited place), Aegina, Attica, Central Greece and Euboea, Greece, Europe Aegina or anyone else who is pleased by such acts. It is enough for me if I please the Spartans by righteous deeds and speech. As for Leonidas, whom you would have me avenge, I think that he has received a full measure of vengeance; the uncounted souls of these that you see have done honor to him and the rest of those who died at +Thermopylae [22.5583,38.8] (Perseus) Thermopylae. But to you this is my warning: do not come again to me with words like these nor give me such counsel. Be thankful now that you go unpunished.”
With that Lampon departed. Then Pausanias made a proclamation that no man should touch the spoils, and ordered the helots to gather all the stuff together. They, spreading all over the camp, found there tents adorned with gold and silver, and couches gilded and silver-plated, and golden bowls and cups and other drinking-vessels;
and sacks they found on wagons, in which were seen cauldrons of gold and silver. They stripped from the dead who lay there their armlets and torques, and golden daggers; as for the embroidered clothing, it was disregarded.
Much of all this the helots showed, as much as they could not conceal, but much they stole and sold to the Aeginetans. As a result the Aeginetans laid the foundation of their great fortunes by buying gold from the helots as though it were bronze.
Having brought all the loot together, they set apart a tithe for the god of Delphi [22.5167,38.4917] (Perseus) Delphi. From this was made and dedicated that tripod which rests upon the bronze three-headed serpent,The bronze three-headed serpent supporting the cauldron was intended apparently to commemorate the whole Greek alliance against Iran [53,32] (nation), AsiaPersia. The serpent pedestal still exists, in the Atmeidan (formerly Hippodrome) at +Istanbul [28.95,41.33] (inhabited place), Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey, Asia Constantinople, whither it was transported by +Qacentina [6.666,36.333] (department), Algeria, Africa Constantine; it has been fully exposed and its inscription deciphered since 1856 . The names of thirty-one Greek states are incised on eleven spirals, from the third to the thirteenth. For a fuller account see How and Wells' note ad loc. nearest to the altar; another they set apart for the god of Olympia [21.6333,37.65] (Perseus)Olympia, from which was made and dedicated a bronze figure of Zeus, ten cubits high; and another for the god of the Isthmus, from which was fashioned a bronze Poseidon seven cubits high. When they had set all this apart, they divided what remained, and each received, according to his worth, concubines of the Persians and gold and silver, and all the rest of the stuff and the beasts of burden.
How much was set apart and given to those who had fought best at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea, no man says. I think that they also received gifts, but tenfold of every kind, women, horses, talents, camels, and all other things also, was set apart and given to Pausanias.
This other story is also told. When Xerxes fled from Greece [22,39] (nation), EuropeHellas, he left to Mardonius his own establishment. Pausanias, seeing Mardonius' establishment with its display of gold and silver and gaily colored tapestry, ordered the bakers and the cooks to prepare a dinner such as they were accustomed to do for Mardonius.
They did his bidding, but Pausanias, when he saw golden and silver couches richly covered, and tables of gold and silver, and all the magnificent service of the banquet, was amazed at the splendor before him, and for a joke commanded his own servants to prepare a dinner in Laconian fashion. When that meal, so different from the other, was ready, Pausanias burst out laughing and sent for the generals of the Greeks.
When these had assembled, Pausanias pointed to the manner in which each dinner was served and said: “Men of Greece [22,39] (nation), EuropeHellas, I have brought you here because I desired to show you the foolishness of the leader of the Medes who, with such provisions for life as you see, came here to take away from us our possessions which are so pitiful.” In this way, it is said, Pausanias spoke to the generals of the Greeks.
Long after these events many of the Plataeans also found chests full of gold and silver and other things.
Moreover, when their bodies (which the Plataeans gathered into one place) were laid bare of flesh, a skull was found of which the bone was all of one piece without suture. A jawbone also came to light in which the teeth of the upper jaw were one whole, a single bone, front teeth and grinders, and one could see the body of a man of five cubits stature.
As for the body of Mardonius, it was removed on the day after the battle; by whom, I cannot with certainty say. I have, however, heard of very many countries that buried Mardonius, and I know of many that were richly rewarded for that act by Mardonius' son Artontes.
Which of them it was that stole and buried the body of Mardonius I cannot learn for certain. Some report that it was buried by Dionysophanes, an Ephesian. Such was the manner of Mardonius' burial.
But the Greeks, when they had divided the spoils at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea, buried each contingent of their dead in a separate place. The Lacedaemonians made three tombs; there they buried their “irens,” Spartan young men between the ages of twenty and thirty. among whom were Posidonius, Amompharetus, Philocyon, and Callicrates.
In one of the tombs, then, were the “irens,” in the second the rest of the Spartans, and in the third the helots. This, then is how the Lacedaemonians buried their dead. The Tegeans, however, buried all theirs together in a place apart, and the Athenians did similarly with their own dead. So too did the Megarians and Phliasians with those who had been killed by the horsemen.
All the tombs of these peoples were filled with dead; but as for the rest of the states whose tombs are to be seen at +Plataea (inhabited place), Boeotia, Central Greece and Euboea, Greece, Europe Plataeae, their tombs are but empty barrows that they built for the sake of men that should come after, because they were ashamed to have been absent from the battle. There is one there called the tomb of the Aeginetans, which, as I learn by inquiry, was built as late as ten years after, at the Aeginetans' desire, by their patron and protector Cleades son of Autodicus, a Plataean.
As soon as the Greeks had buried their dead at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea, they resolved in council that they would march against Thebes [23.3333,38.325] (Perseus) Thebes and demand surrender of those who had taken the Persian side—particularly of Timagenidas and Attaginus, who were chief among their foremost men. If these men were not delivered to them, they would not withdraw from the area in front of the city till they had taken it.
They came with this purpose on the eleventh day after the battle and laid siege to the Thebans, demanding the surrender of the men. When the Thebans refused this surrender, they laid waste to their lands and assaulted the walls.
Seeing that the Greeks would not cease from their harrying and nineteen days had passed, Timagenidas spoke as follows to the Thebans: “Men of Thebes [23.3333,38.325] (Perseus) Thebes, since the Greeks have resolved that they will not raise the siege till Thebes [23.3333,38.325] (Perseus) Thebes is taken or we are delivered to them, do not let the land of Boeotia (department), Central Greece and Euboea, Greece, Europe Boeotia increase the measure of its ills for our sake.
No, rather if it is money they desire and their demand for our surrender is but a pretext, let us give them money out of our common treasury (for it was by the common will and not ours alone that we took the Persian side). If, however, they are besieging the town for no other reason than to have us, then we will give ourselves up to be tried by them.” This seemed to be said well and at the right time, and the Thebans immediately sent a herald to Pausanias, offering to surrender the men.
On these terms they made an agreement, but Attaginus escaped from the town. His sons were seized, but Pausanias held them free of guilt, saying that the sons were not accessory to the treason. As for the rest of the men whom the Thebans surrendered, they supposed that they would be put on trial, and were confident that they would defeat the impeachment by bribery. Pausanias, however, had that very suspicion of them, and when they were put into his hands he sent away the whole allied army and carried the men to Corinth [22.9083,37.9083] (Perseus) Corinth, where he put them to death. This is what happened at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea and Thebes [23.3333,38.325] (Perseus) Thebes.
Artabazus the son of Pharnaces was by now far on his way in his flight from Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea. The Thessalians, when he came among them, entertained him hospitably and inquired of him concerning the rest of the army, knowing nothing of what had happened at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea.
Artabazus understood that if he told them the whole truth about the fighting, he would endanger his own life and the lives of all those with him, for he thought that every man would set upon him if they heard the story. Therefore, although he had revealed nothing to the Phocians, he spoke as follows to the Thessalians:
“I myself, men of +Thessaly [22.25,39.5] (region), Greece, Europe Thessaly, am pressing on with all speed and diligence to march into Thrace (region (general)), EuropeThrace, being despatched from the army for a certain purpose with the men whom you see. Mardonius and his army are expected marching close on my heels. It is for you to entertain him, and show that you do him good service, for if you so do, you will not afterwards regret it.”
So saying, he used all diligence to lead his army away straight towards Thrace (region (general)), EuropeThrace through +Thessaly [22.25,39.5] (region), Greece, Europe Thessaly and Macedonia (region (general)), EuropeMacedonia without any delay, following the shortest inland road. So he came to +Byzantium [28.95,41.0333] (Perseus) Byzantium, but he left behind many of his army who had been cut down by the Thracians or overcome by hunger and weariness. From +Byzantium [28.95,41.0333] (Perseus) Byzantium he crossed over in boats. In such a way Artabazus returned to Asia (continent)Asia.
Now on the same day when the Persians were so stricken at Plataea [23.2667,38.2] (Perseus) Plataea, it so happened that they suffered a similar fate at Mykale [26.8667,38.1] (Perseus)Mykale in Ionia (region (general)), Europe Ionia. When the Greeks who had come in their ships with Leutychides the Lacedaemonian were encamped at Delos [25.2833,37.4] (Perseus)Delos, certain messengers came to them there from +Nisos Samos [26.8,37.75] (island), Samos, Aegean Islands, Greece, Europe Samos, Lampon of Thrasycles, Athenagoras son of Archestratides, and Hegesistratus son of Aristagoras. The Samians had sent these, keeping their despatch secret from the Persians and the tyrant Theomestor son of Androdamas, whom the Persians had made tyrant of +Nisos Samos [26.8,37.75] (island), Samos, Aegean Islands, Greece, Europe Samos.
When they came before the generals, Hegesistratus spoke long and vehemently: “If the Ionians but see you,” he said, “they will revolt from the Persians, and the barbarians will not remain; but if they do remain, you will have such a prey as never again. “ He begged them in the name of the gods of their common worship to deliver Greeks from slavery and drive the barbarian away.
That, he said, would be an easy matter for them, “for the Persian ships are unseaworthy and no match for yours; and if you have any suspicion that we may be tempting you deceitfully, we are ready to be taken in your ships as hostages.”