10
An example of transference from one species to another is Drawing off his life with the bronze and Severing with the tireless bronze, where drawing off is used for severing and severing for drawing off, both being species of removing.Probably the bronze is in the first case a knife and in the second a cupping-bowl. This would make the metaphor intelligible.
11
Metaphor by analogy means this: when B is to A as D is to C, then instead of B the poet will say D and B instead of D.
12
And sometimes they add that to which the term supplanted by the metaphor is relative.This may claim to be one of Aristotle’s least lucid sentences. It means this: If Old Age: Life :: Evening: Day, then we may call old age the Evening of Life. In that case old age is the term supplanted by the metaphor, and it is relative to Life; therefore Life (i.e., that to which the term supplanted by the metaphor is relative) is added to the metaphorical (or transferred) term Evening.For instance, a cup is to Dionysus what a shield is to Ares;
13
so he will call the cup Dionysus’s shield and the shield Ares’ cup. Or old age is to life as evening is to day; so he will call the evening day’s old-age or use Empedocles’ phraseUnknown to us.; and old age he will call the evening of life or life’s setting sun.
