Book 7
16
There is no formula involving the matter, for this is indeterminate; but there is a formula in accordance with the primary substance, e.g., in the case of a man, the formula of the soul; because the substance is the indwelling form, of which and of the matter the so called concrete substance is composed. E.g., concavity is such a form, since from this and nose is derived snub nose and snubness—for nose will be present twice over in these expressions);
17
but in the concrete substance, e.g. snub nose or Callias, matter will be present too.Chapters. 10-11; and cf. Aristot. Met. 7.4. We have stated also that the essence and the individual are in some cases the same, as in the case of the primary substances; e.g. crookedness and essence of crookedness, if this is primary.
18
By primary I mean that which does not imply the presence of something in something else as a material substrate. But such things as are material or are compounded with matter are not the same as their essence; not even if they are accidentally one, e.g. Socrates and cultured; for these are only accidentally the same.
1
Now let us first deal with definition, in so far as it has not been dealt with in the Analytics; for the problem stated thereAristot. An. Post. 92a 29. has a bearing upon our discussion of substance. The problem I mean is this: what constitutes the unity of the thing of which we say that the formula is a definition? E.g., in the case of man, two-footed animal; for let us take this as the formula of man.
