Book 5
22
Since, then, there are three magnitudes G, K, M, and others H, L, N equal to them in multitude, which taken two and two together are in the same ratio, therefore, ex aequali, if G is in excess of M, H is also in excess of N; if equal, equal; and if less, less. [V. 20]
22
And G, H are equimultiples of A, D, and M, N other, chance, equimultiples of C, F.
22
Therefore, as A is to C, so is D to F. [V. Def. 5]
22
Therefore etc. Q. E. D.
PROPOSITION 23.
23
If there be three magnitudes, and others equal to them in multitude, which taken two and two together are in the same ratio, and the proportion of them be perturbed, they will also be in the same ratio ex aequali.
23
Let there be three magnitudes A, B, C, and others equal to them in multitude, which, taken two and two together, are in the same proportion, namely D, E, F; and let the proportion of them be perturbed, so that, as A is to B, so is E to F, and, as B is to C, so is D to E; I say that, as A is to C, so is D to F.
23
Of A, B, D let equimultiples G, H, K be taken, and of C, E, F other, chance, equimultiples L, M, N.
23
Then, since G, H are equimultiples of A, B, and parts have the same ratio as the same multiples of them, [V. 15] therefore, as A is to B, so is G to H.
23
For the same reason also, as E is to F, so is M to N. And, as A is to B, so is E to F; therefore also, as G is to H, so is M to N. [V. 11]
23
Next, since, as B is to C, so is D to E, alternately, also, as B is to D, so is C to E. [V. 16]
